Wheat

Its function is directly linked to photosynthesis and the formation of grain protein, acting in the growth and development of the plant. 

Deficiency – Begins with yellowing and chlorosis of lower leaves (old tissues). Growth, cell elongation and protein synthesis are reduced. In situations of acute deficiency, there is a weakening of the lower leaves and general chlorosis throughout the plant.

It has a function of storage and transfer of energy, responsible for the photosynthetic, reproductive and support processes of plants. Phosphorus (P) plays a fundamental role in the formation of ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate), which is the main source of energy for carrying out processes such as photosynthesis, cell division, transport of assimilates and genetic load.

As a result of its role and importance in the participation of internal processes of plant morphology, Phosphorus is related to crop productivity.

Deficiency – Plants with this deficiency tend to maintain a darker green color than well-nourished plants. The growth and maturation of the crop takes longer than usual. Decreased plant growth, which can cause leaf chlorosis and interveinal necrosis.

In addition to the increase in crop productivity, it also brings greater accumulation of dry matter in the aerial part of wheat, highlighting the importance of the nutrient for the production of residual straw and, therefore, greater soil cover.

 This fact can provide greater resistance for the crop to lodging and thus reduce the loss of productivity and quality of wheat. It can optimize the use of other nutrients, such as nitrogen for example.

Another important contribution of potassium is in terms of increasing the diameter of the wheat stalk. The increase in potassium doses can confer greater thickness of the wheat stalk. 

Deficiency – Older leaves show yellowing and weakening at the tips and margins.

Responsible for the formation of the cell wall, regulation of the functionality of the cell membrane, constitution of the middle lamella, in addition to activating several enzymatic systems, thus contributing to the proper development of plants. 

Deficiency – Usually appears in the youngest tissues, with tip and margin necrosis of young leaves, followed by necrosis of terminal buds.

Essential for plant development and required by several enzymes involved in phosphate transfer, in addition to being a constituent of plant chlorophyll.

 It activates enzymes involved in cellular respiration, photosynthesis, and RNA and DNA synthesis. 

Deficiency – Symptoms are more visible on older leaves and are characterized by chlorosis between the leaf veins in some cases, senescence or premature loss of leaves may occur.

Sulfur is part of every living cell and is a constituent of the 21 amino acids that make up proteins. Helps to develop enzymes and vitamins.

It is necessary in the formation of chlorophyll, although it is not a constituent of it. It is present in many organic compounds. It is essential for the formation of proteins. It is necessary for the formation of nitrogenase.

Improves the quality of cereals for processing and processing as food. Increases resistance to water deficiency. Deficiency – The deficiency is observed primarily in young leaves, however depending on the severity, the plant may show yellowing.

It is essential for energy metabolism, acts in nitrogen fixation and development of shoots and roots. It also acts in the synthesis of chlorophyll, cell division. 

Deficiency – It starts with a very light green on the leaves, with a narrow green band around the veins, initially on the youngest leaves. Glass-like, transparent, twisted leaves.

It plays a fundamental role in biochemical and physiological processes in plants. One of the possible functions of manganese is the improvement of the plant’s defense system against diseases.

It increases plant resistance to diseases, by reinforcing the lignification of the cell wall, as it is directly involved in the production of lignin and suberin. It also regulates auxin levels in plant tissues, activating photosynthesis, especially photosynthesis II.

Applications of this nutrient boost the levels of photosynthesis and metabolic activities, increasing the competitive ability of plants, increasing their tolerance to diseases. It induces protective mechanisms and consequent increase in plant resistance.

Deficiency – Deficiency leads to decreased photosynthesis and productivity.

It is a cofactor in enzymatic reactions and, therefore, participates in several biochemical cycles of plants, including photosynthesis and sugar formation, protein synthesis, fertility and seed production, growth regulation and defense against diseases. 

Deficiency – Affects biochemical functions, preventing the plant from developing properly. This results in crops with poorer quality and lower yields. Zinc-deficient plants have small, distorted leaves, with shortened shoots and agglomeration of leaves in the growing region. The plants also have a chlorophyll deficit, causing the leaves to become lighter and even white. In the case of zinc deficiency, this discoloration occurs near the veins, they may also have dead parts and bronze spots.

These foliar deficiencies are found in both old and new leaves, unlike other nutrient deficiencies. Zinc (Zn) deficiency can also be detected at the cellular level, through malformation of organelles such as chloroplasts and mitochondria. The absence or deficiency of this element can also cause problems in cell division and twisted roots with enlarged tips.

Participates in enzymes, assists in photosynthesis and distribution of carbohydrates. It is present in protein metabolism, reduction and nitrogen fixation. 

 It acts on the lignification of the cell wall, influencing the permeability of xylem vessels. Influence on flowering and fruiting and helps in disease resistance mechanism. 

 Deficiency – Symptoms initially appear on the young leaves of the plants. They become wilted and curled, the petiole and stems of the youngest leaves are curved downwards. The leaves do not have the same green color. They become yellowish or lighter green, and then suffer yellowing. There is a decrease in the transport of water and solutes through the xylem, due to the reduction of lignification. Flower abortion occurs, which interferes with production.

It is responsible for cell elongation and nucleic acid metabolism, ATPase activity, membrane integrity, cell wall synthesis, as well as respiration and lignification. 

It is an enzymatic component and a cofactor, implying photosynthesis through the transport of assimilates and starch synthesis. It is an important element for the absorption, transport and metabolism of cations, especially calcium. Boron (B) also aids in root absorption of calcium, as well as helping it to function.

 Deficiency – Initially the youngest leaflets tuDeficiency – It usually appears in the youngest tissues and causes a reduction in lignification, a decrease in cytokinin in the roots, in addition to causing necrosis and death of the growth points.